They should allow the because they might not have any water to drink or bathe with so it is wrong to not allow them near the Ganges river.
The first blank is Harry Truman, who was President of the United States after FDR.
The second blank is the Soviets, since the Cold War was mainly characterised by the stalemate between the Communist superpower USSR and the democratic superpower US.
Differences in timings across different counties across the world. The need for conversion of timings in order to convey time.
If AE is x+50 then the whole thing must be x=50, If a portion of that, CE, is x+32, then the rest of it, AC, must be x+18, because no matter what X is, 32+18=50.
Hopes this helps mate :)