After the death of the prophet Muhammand, Islamic Culture invaded most of the Middle East and pieces of Spain, which unified their economic culture.
They had to defend themselves against raids by other clans who wanted water, livestock, or food supplies.
Answer:
Federal Unfunded Mandates
Explanation:
The 1960s and 1970s gave rise to the use of FEDERAL UNFUNDED MANDATES where federal regulations were enacted that states were required to implement but without money from the federal government to do so.
For example, the Amendments to the Clean Air Act in 1970 led to the formation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, which then regulated the provisions for control of motor vehicle emissions, intensified the federal enforcement authority but required only the STATES to ENFORCE and FUND the plans to stick to these measures.