Darwin's proposed mechanism for evolution is natural selection. Natural selection allows species to respond to their surroundings through time, or to become progressively excellently-suited. Natural selection is environmentally based and involves established heritable variation within a population.
They lead to changes in species over time:
- Darwin suggested species will evolve over time, new species originate from pre-existing species, and all species share a common ancestor with each other.
- In this framework each organism has its own special set of heritable i.e genetic variations from the common ancestor that have slowly developed over very longer periods of time.
- Parroted branching activities that isolate new species from a common ancestor create a multi-level tree that connects all living organisms.
<span>The major effects of insulin on muscle and adipose tissue are: (1) Carbohydrate metabolism: (a) it increases the rate of glucose transport across the cell membrane, (b) it increases the rate of glycolysis by increasing hexokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase activity, (c) it stimulates the rate of glycogen synthesis and decreases the rate of glycogen breakdown. (2) Lipid metabolism: (a) it decreases the rate of lipolysis in adipose tissue and hence lowers the plasma fatty acid level, (b) it stimulates fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis in tissues, (c) it increases the uptake of triglycerides from the blood into adipose tissue and muscle, (d) it decreases the rate of fatty acid oxidation in muscle and liver. (3) Protein metabolism: (a) it increases the rate of transport of some amino acids into tissues, (b) it increases the rate of protein synthesis in muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and other tissues, (c) it decreases the rate of protein degradation in muscle (and perhaps other tissues). These insulin effects serve to encourage the synthesis of carbohydrate, fat and protein, therefore, insulin can be considered to be an anabolic hormone.
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Mitosis in an eukaryotic cell cycle occurs after the G2 phase (option b). This is the final stage of interphase and during this time, the cell continues to grow as well as create new proteins
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