The correct answer is Option A) They Passed a Tariff to protect American Industries.
After the War of 1812, British manufacturers wanted to flood the United States market with inexpensive goods. The British were already selling Textiles and Iron products that were stockpiled during the war, at below the US market prices.
In response, President Madison imposed tarrifs to increase the cost of British goods coming into the country.
Thurgood Marshall was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until the same month, 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African American.