The main <span>effect that the Chinese exclusion act and the gentleman's agreement had on immigration was that Chinese immigration (and immigration from Asia in general) was highly limited to the US. </span>
Because the Spanish brought over diseases which wiped out most of the Native American population.
Paine, along with many revolutionaries of the period, viewed government as being inherently limited, in the sense that it was meant to serve the people and not the other way around. That's why he wrote "common sense" which talked about the absurdity of British rule over the colonies.
The first colonial legislature was the Virginia House of Burgesses, established in 1619.