The correct answer is answer choice D, barons. Barons, or nobles, were heavily taxed by King John to fund his wars with France, which is why they revolted and forced him to sign the Magna Carta. Peasants and farmers were not taxed because they could not contribute much to the war effort, and Parliament did not yet exist when the Magna Carta was signed.
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Ferdinando Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were two Italian activists and anarchists. The two were arrested, tried and sentenced to death on charges of murder of an accountant and a guard of the "Slater and Morrill" shoe factory in South Braintree.
There were many doubts about their guilt at the time of their trial; the confession of the Portuguese prisoner Celestino Madeiros, who exonerated them, was of no use. The two were executed in the electric chair on August 23, 1927 in the Charlestown penitentiary, near Dedham.
It is now assumed that the condemnation of Sacco and Vanzetti was widely influenced by the Red Scare, by which all suspected of communist, socialist or anarchist saw significantly diminished their chances of proving their innocence.
Fifty years after their death, on August 23, 1977, Michael Dukakis, governor of the State of Massachusetts, officially recognized the errors committed in the trial and completely rehabilitated the memory of Sacco and Vanzetti.
The Adamson Act was the progressive reform that mandated an 8 hour workday for railroad workers since these workers prior to such reforms often were up against very harsh conditions and long hours.
The right answer is the last one: The New Jersey plan called for a legislature in which the number of representatives would be equal for each state. The New Jersey Plan was proposed by William Paterson in response to the Virginia Plan, which called for a bicameral (two houses) legislature in which the states would be represented based on their population - consequently, more populous states, such as Virginia, would have more representatives, and therefore more power, than their smaller counterparts, such as New Jersey. For that reason, the New Jersey Plan called for an unicameral (one house) legislature in which all states would be represented equally.
