I believe Orthodox Christianit
The enlightenment changed peoples views on religion and science. People defied the church/pope.
I’m not sure about this one
Your answer would be C, England and Holland had gone to war in Europe xx.
Throughout the rest of the 19th century, various treaties and alliances were formed, including the German-Austrian treaty (1879) or Dual Alliance; the addition of Italy to the Germany and Austrian alliance in 1882, forming the “Triple Alliance”; the Franco-Russian Alliance (1894)