Civil liberties and the idea of liberty,equality and the right to property. I don't remember the exact one but the philosophers are john Locke and Montesquieu.
Well..as far as i learned from my knowledge the answer would be in the past, the military and the FBI have prevented a number of terrorist attacks.
Secondly, wasn't there suppose to be an option answers for your question ?
The answer is D. expensive wars with neighboring tribes.
7.. you answered the question in the question! :)
Shay's Rebellion hope this helps :)