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3 years ago

The graph below is of directional selection. Which statement can be supported by the evidence shown in the graph?

Biology

1 answer:

7nadin3 [17]3 years ago

3 0

Answer: C) Directional selection occurs when one of two extreme phenotypes is selected for.

The type of natural selection known as directional selection is defined in population genetics in the case in which an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotype. Thus, the population and its allele frequency will evolve towards this end of the trait spectrum (extreme phenotype). This is also the case illustrated in the graph where the right side represents the extreme phenotype.

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Answer:

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The results are consistent with incomplete dominance for this trait, with pink flowers being heterozygous.

Explanation:

If flower color were determined by a gene showing incomplete dominance, the possible genotypes and phenotypes are as follows:

RR- red
ww - white
Rw - pink

If pink sweet peas are self-pollinated, then a cross between two heterozygous individuals is done (Rw x Rw).

From this cross the expected ratios are:

1/4 RR (red)
2/4 Rw (pink)
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<h3>Chi square test</h3>

$X^{2} = \sum \frac{(Observed - Expected)^2}{Expected}$

The observed frequencies were:

34 Red
76 Pink
40 White

Total 150

The expected frequencies for our null hypothesis are:

1/4 x 150 = 37.5 Red
2/4 x 150 = 75 Pink
1/4 x 150 = 37.5 white

$X^{2} = \frac{(34- 37.5)^2}{37.5} + \frac{(76- 75)^2}{75} + \frac{(40- 37.5)^2}{37.5}$

$X^2=0.5067$

The degrees of freedom (DF) are calculated as number of phenotypes - 1; in this case DF = 3-1 = 2.

If we look at the Chi square table, for 2 DF and a probability of p0.05, the critical value is 5.991

Our X^2 value of 0.5067 is less than the critical value, so we do not reject the null hypothesis. The results are consistent with incomplete dominance for this trait, with pink flowers being heterozygous.

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Answer:

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