The graph is attached.
Answer:
a) Dependent variable is the variablr that is measured by the psychologist.
Here the dependent variable can be said to be the number of children who collected additional candy.
b) The hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 2 here are:
H1 : The children would take more candy when they were alone.
H2: The children would take more candy when they were masked.
From the data given(graph attached), the data does not support the hypothesis 1, because from the graph the percentage of children taking additional candy is higher when they are in group.
The given data supports the hypothesis 2 which states that the children would take more candy when they were masked.
c) The psychologist cannot generalize her findings to all children because she only used children in her neighborhood. This can be called sampling bias.
d) This study is not a naturalistic behaviour because the psychologist is manipulating a variable. She may choose to increase or decrease the number of masked or unmasked children.
e)
i) Modeling: In this case, the children may take additional candy because they saw others doing so.
ii) Deindividuation: The chances of the children taking additional candy when they were in group is more likely, because they felt anonymous. That's why the percentage of children who took extra candy was higher when they were in group.
iii) Lawrence Kohlberg’s preconventional stage:
In this case a child may not take additional candy because of avoidance of punishment.
