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The answer is farmers and lords
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The Farmers Alliance was an organized agrarian economic movement among American farmers that developed and flourished ca. 1875.
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The generality of Article III of the Constitution raised questions that Congress had to address in the Judiciary Act of 1789. These questions had no easy answers, and the solutions to them were achieved politically. The First Congress decided that it could regulate the jurisdiction of all Federal courts, and in the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress established with great particularity a limited jurisdiction for the district and circuit courts, gave the Supreme Court the original jurisdiction provided for in the Constitution, and granted the Court appellate jurisdiction in cases from the Federal circuit courts and from the state courts where those courts rulings had rejected Federal claims. The decision to grant Federal courts a jurisdiction more restrictive than that allowed by the Constitution represented a recognition by the Congress that the people of the United States would not find a full-blown Federal court system palatable at that time.
For nearly all of the next century the judicial system remained essentially as established by the Judiciary Act of 1789. Only after the country had expanded across a continent and had been torn apart by civil war were major changes made. A separate tier of appellate circuit courts created in 1891 removed the burden of circuit riding from the shoulders of the Supreme Court justices, but otherwise left intact the judicial structure.
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Japanese politicians should encourage more opportunities for women in the workforce and demonstrate leadership by prioritizing women candidates for seats in Japan's parliament.
Japan actually has been trying to aim in the direction of greater opportunity and equality for women. After becoming prime minister in 2012, Shinzo Abe announced plans for economic reforms and stimuli. One part of his program was dubbed "womenomics," which included the stated goal of having 30% of leadership positions in business and government filled by women by 2020. That goal was overly optimistic, and in 2016 Abe's government revised the goal to 7% of senior government jobs and 15% of business leadership positions being filled by women by 2020.
Though progress has been slow -- and in fact the numbers have gone backward at times -- persistence is the only way to change long-standing traditions. One way Japanese politicians could show greater leadership in this regard would be to prioritize women for seats in parliament. 3/5 of the representatives elected to that body are chosen directly by voters in their districts voting for individual candidates. The other 2/5 of representatives are chosen according to regional bloc voting, in which voters only are voting for the political party they favor, and the parties designate their top candidates for filling those legislative seats. The political parties could show leadership by prioritizing women as candidates for those bloc voting seats, giving more women a role of leadership within their own political parties.
