Commodore Matthew C. Perry was an admiral in the United States Navy from 1809-1858. He served in the War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War. He established the curriculum for the United States Naval Academy and supported modernizing of the U.S. Navy. As a result, he became known as <em>the Father of the Steam Navy </em>in the U.S..
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July 4, 1863, is often considered the turning point of the Civil War. Two important battles resulted in defeats for the Confederacy.