The correct answer is d. hunting -gathering.
Hunting and gathering was already existing before this : in fact the neolithic revolution was going away from this lifestyle and starting farming and domestication of animals.
Geography is a field of science that deals with studying the earth's surface, climate, continents, countries, people, industries, and resources. It has two branches: the physical geography and the human geography. Physical geography deals with studying the natural environment, its characteristics and how it works while the human geography deals with studying the people and their total interaction with the environment and their culture, history, traditions, and economy.
President Andrew Jackson ignored the Court's decision in Worcester v. Georgia