I think it's the telephone because it allows people to communicate better and customers or workers don't have to walk up to everyone and disturb them. You may elaborate more on this with your own opinion
<span> millions of Americans migrated west and into urban areas, and hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved to northern cities. ... Pragmatists notably </span>did<span> not just hope to garner government support for reform, but also sought to directly transform government through their influence (Filip, 2015).</span>
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Factories/textile mills, were usually located by rivers, which in a literal sense, would be powered by a water turbine/wheel in the river. The Factory workers consisted mostly of children and women, especially in textile mills. The women ran the factory, and factories were powered by water turbines. I didn't know which type of answer you wanted, so you can pick from either one or take both.