Question

Addison's disease is a disorder that results from a reduction in production of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Individuals with Addison's disease suffer from a variety of systemic symptoms including: muscle weakness, fever, issues with the gastrointestinal tract, and increased tanning. Considering this information, what type of signaling do you think that glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids stimulate?
A. Direct contact.
B. Paracrine.
C. Endocrine.
D. Synaptic.
E. Autocrine.

Answer 1

Answer:

Endocrine

Explanation:

The signaling in which the signaling chemicals are released directly into the bloodstream to affect the cells/tissues located all over the body is called endocrine signaling.

Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are the hormones secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland. These hormones are secreted by the secretory cells of the adrenal gland and are released into the blood and interstitial fluid. Blood and interstitial fluid carry these hormones to their target cells to exert their effects. Glucocorticoids affect almost all the body tissues to stimulate a rise in blood glucose levels while mineralocorticoids target the cells of kidneys.

Since the hormones are released directly into the blood and interstitial fluid by respective source cells, the signaling is endocrine signaling. Paracrine and autocrine signaling are exhibited by local hormones that do not enter the blood. Synaptic signaling is exhibited by muscles and neurons at synapse.