c. Hierarchical environments where those at the top maintain the status quo out of self-interest.
Explanation:
This is usually the type of environments that give rise to revolutions. One of the most important factors in encouraging a revolution is the presence of inequality. Revolutions most often happen when a group feels disadvantaged and thinks that the system it is living under is unjust. For this to happen, you generally need the presence of a wealthier or more powerful group at the top. Moreover, this group must be exclusive, and interested in maintaining the status quo in order to benefit itself.
