democracy, where everyone elects a leader
Russia has part of its roots in European culture where the ideas of goodness, honor, and freedom are understood as in the West. The Viking raiders came from the North. Traders from Scandinavia also settled. They became the rulers of Rus, the city-principality of Kiev and forerunner of the Russian state. The other part of Russia has Asian roots. The Mongols, [Tartars] conquered Moscow in 1234 and Kiev in 1240, and ruled with despotism, invaders unstoppable, making Russians their slaves. Russian blood is a mixture of Slavic, Finnish, and Tatar. Kievan Rus had converted to Orthodox Christianity in 988. When Moscow liberated itself from the Tartar yoke in 1480, the modern Russian state was born. Distant from Europe, the new state was cut off from Constantinople which in 1453 had fallen to the Muslim Ottoman Turks.
The correct answer is the first one: the indirect rule. Indirect rule was a system of British and French colonial powers, which employed the local structures and rulers, which enabled stability, while ensuring the power remained in the hands of the Colonial power.
Our technology is improved compared to the past that makes transporting goods easily. This will reduce the price of the goods by the difficulty of transport.
In granting the Philippines it's independence, of course there were
concessions made by the Philippine government. The maintenance of bases,
trade agreements, etc. but wouldn't America have been able to reap all
of these benefits and more had it chosen to not grant the Philippines
its independence?