How Japanese Castles are similar to European Castles
1.They had large and tall walls for protection
2. They often had moats around them to discourage the digging of tunnels
3. They had narrow and steep stairways to make assault difficult
4. They had portholes for guns and for arrows
5. They often had a main gate area that could be used as a trap
6. They almost always had concentric rings of walls to give them multiple layers of protection
7.They capitalized on terrain features - often the best placement was at
the top of a hill or small mountain. This gave a very advantageous
position and view
DIFFERENCES
Unlike European feudalism Japan’s feudalism system did not have a true
pyramid form with the monarch presiding over the less important nobles.
First, the authority in Japan was much less centralized than it was in
the nation-states of Europe. Even though most of the local aristocrats
paid lip service to the emperor, the rugged terrain of Japan made it
very difficult for the emperor to fully control the local aristocracy.
Therefore the local aristocrats had much more power in Japan than they
ever had in France, Britain, or any other European country.
Secondly, even though the lower nobility in Japan (the samurai) swore
fealty to their local lords, the local lords didn’t give the samurai any
land of their own. When the European nobility receives land in exchange
for their military services, the samurai did not join a landowning
hierarchy. Instead of that they were given an independent income from
their local lord based upon what that lord’s lands produced.
In contrast, European knights usually had their own serfs to work the
land the knights received from their lord. While a Japanese samurai
might have had servants, these servants did not work the land the way
they would have done in Europe.
The Vietnamese suffered Great Depression in the 1930s. This led to fall in the prices of rubber and rice, rise in rural debts, unemployment and rural uprisings. Since the provinces of Nghe An and Ha Tinh got the roughest end of this deal and had an old radical tradition, whenever the colonial system came under pressure, these regions were the first to rise up in rebellion. Hence, they were referred to 'electrical fuses' of Vietnam.
President Harry S. Truman was the 33rd
president of the United States, taking the office after late Franklin D, Roosevelt.
Truman assumed the presidency during the Second World War and gave an order to
drop the first atomic bomb attack. After it appeared that Japan won’t
capitulate, Truman ordered first atomic attack on Hiroshima (August 6th
in 1945) and the second on Nagasaki (August 9th in 1945) resulting
in 214.000 people dying.
