It popularized trade and competition. For example: Portugal was the main trader of spices.
Now we have two choices, B, or C. The government would raise taxes if the economy grew enough to allow it, however a more likely option would be that the government started spending more money than they truly have. The answer is C.
144 ounces.
Here is the formula: 1 pound = 16 ounces
Just do the multiplication.