new kinda of food and clothing became possible.
D) They were aimed at people who were criticizing President Adams' foreign policy.
Adams was criticized for his neutrality in conflicts between Britain and France as well as how he handled the XYZ Affair. The Alien and Sedition Acts were meant to protect the reputation of the federal government and prevent people with extreme views from entering the country.
The Sedition Act allowed for punishment for those that spoke out against the government. Federalists like John Adams believed negative speech about the government showed weakness of the new government to the world. He believed that the US needed to show support of the government. The Alien Act was put into place to limit the rights of new immigrants entering into the US. Adams was fearful that immigrants would introduce extreme ideas coming out of the French Revolution. The Alien and Sedition Acts were met with fierce resistance and criticism. The critics led by Thomas Jefferson would form the Democratic-Republican Party to counter a growing Federalist power.
Let me handle just your first question. Here on Brainly, it's always best to ask one question at a time, not a set of multiple questions.
Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) was a powerful promoter of Italian nationalism during the 19th century, at a time when the Italian peninsula was divided into many smaller entities. He founded the group known as Young Italy and was a major figure in the Italian unification movement known as "Risorgimento" ("rising again"). He was a strong voice calling for all Italians to unite together in a republic. Let me quote you a bit from Mazzini, an example of his persuasive style:
"
I, believing in the mission entrusted by God to Italy, and the duty of every Italian to strive to attempt its fulfillment; convinced that where God has ordained that a nation shall be, he has given the requisite power to create it; that the people are the depositaries of that power, and that in its right direction for the people, and by the people, lies the secret of victory; convinced that virtue consists in action and sacrifice, and strength in union and constancy of purpose: I give my name to Young Italy, an association of men holding the same faith."
You might want to read another answer on Brainly that I posted recently about Mazzini. Read more on Brainly.com -
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Might be, Practiced in many countries with large Muslim populations