Question

What did England and the English settlers really want from colonization? National Glory? Wealth? Adventure? A solution to social tensions?

Answer 1

Answer;
They wanted;
National glory
Wealth 
New sources of goods and trade.

Explanation;
The Europeans, as well as other colonies that have settled in the New World, wanted the Three G' Glory (for their colony, to conquer), Gold (to discover goods that would help improve their economy/to gather rare materials such as gold and silver), and God (to get Native Americans to be converted into Christianity). 
In believe to a greater extent, they did get what they wanted, even if it was through the exploitation of the New World and its resources as well as the Native.

Answer 2

They wanted power. Having colonies meant that their empire was growing and would surpass other countries' in terms of land, giving them power.

They wanted wealth. Colonies meant access to new markets, more labor, and raw materials. There were more people to trade goods with and more people to exploit to work on their plantations. Colonies also allowed them to grow crops that wouldn't grow in their homeland.

Some wanted freedom. Many of the early North American colonists went to escape the strict religious laws in England. They were fleeing persecution.