<span>2 I went to bed. Paul phoned. When Paul phoned, I had gone to bed.
3 The shoplifter ran away. The police arrived. The police arrived after the shoplifter had run away.
4 Dad cooked dinner. Mum got home. Mum got home before Dad had cooked dinner.
5 The vandals sprayed graffiti on the wall. The police caught them. The vandals sprayed graffiti on the wall before the police had caught them.
6 The film started. We arrived at the cinema. Before we arrived at the cinema, the film had started.
7 It started to rain. We left the beach. We left the beach before it had started to rain.
8 The train left. We got to the station. When we got to the station, the train had left.
Past perfect tense allows the writer to tie the action to a specific point in time. The formula for past perfect is had and the past participle. Simple past tense is just the past participle.
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Its the same as writing an outline
The answer to this would be 3
C. They provide a way to organize individuals into political groups.
Political parties are formed of groups of people who have similar political ideals and then work together.
A is incorrect because the first political parties did not develop until after the writing o the Constitution.
B is incorrect because although they do do this on occasion, this is not their main goal and is contrary to democracy wherein each individual is allowed to have a say.
D is incorrect because George Washington himself specifically decried political parties in his Farewell Address.
Hope this helps!!