Most volcanoes form at the boundaries of Earth's tectonic plates. These plates are huge slabs of the Earth's crust and upper mantle, which fit together like pieces of a puzzle. ... Sometimes, the plates collide with one another or move apart. Volcanoes are most common in these geologically active boundaries.
Answer is Retrograde motion
Most of the time planet moves in expected path near the ecliptic which is east to west. Some times each planet turns around and moves to the east for a period of time, then it turns around to head in west direction again making a loop or zig-zag against the star background. This is called retrograde motion. Thus retrograde motion is the change of direction of the planets in loop.
Answer:
Coal: 7.4 billion tonnes
Explanation:
The World Coal Association estimates that there are more than one trillion tonnes of coal reserves worldwide, enough to last 150 years at current rates of production, so it is unsurprising to see coal ranked as the most-mined mineral in the world.
While China has consistently led the world in production – the country was responsible for 3.3 billion tonnes in 2016 – this was down 16% from the 3.9 billion tonnes produced in 2012. Chinese coal output slumped below the 3.4 billion tonne-threshold predicted in 2016 and the trend may continue, as renewable energy sources become more widespread.
The Chinese decline has mirrored a trend in worldwide coal production, which fell to 7.4 billion tonnes in 2016 from 8.2 billion in 2012. While coal production has increased in Australia and Russia in the last five years, both South Africa and the US have seen sharp declines in production of anthracite and bituminous coal. American coal production in particular has fallen from over 900 million tonnes in 2012 to 782 million in 2016, the lowest figure since 1979.
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By velocity, you are referring to the speed of sound. It can be modelled by the equation:
V = 331m/s + (0.6m/s/C) x T (where T stands for temperature and V stands for Velocity).
Plug in the numbers and you'll get 343m/s
The growth of port cities in Southeast Asia brought lot of new immigrants from China and India.
Explanation:
The European colonialism was spread out around much of the world. Southeast Asia too was conquered and colonized for certain period of time. The Europeans had big interest in this region because of its excellent strategic location, as well as because it was rich in multiple resources. Once the Europeans managed to gain full control over Southeast Asia they started to develop the port cities, which led to their rapid growth and became very attractive for the people to move in.
- Lot of people saw the port cities as good places where they can find opportunities to prosper, so there was large scale migration toward them.
- The migration toward the port cities was not just from the interior of the region, but also From other places, such as China and India.
- While lot of people migrated in these places willingly, some were actually brought by the Europeans as labor force.
- The number of Chinese and Indians was so large, that some areas became dominated by them, or in some regions they were the largest minority groups.
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