I think the most powerful madieval pope was <span>Innconent III, or at least</span> he's a very good candidate to be that. Innocent called for Crusades against Muslims and he had a big influence over many monarchs.
A top-down process is happening when you shift your attention to something without moving your eyes.
Top-down theories are driven by hypotheses and emphasize the significance of higher mental processes like expectations, beliefs, values, and social influences.
<h3>What are top-down and bottom-up processing?</h3>
Bottom-up processing starts with the retrieval of sensory data from our surroundings so that perceptions can be built based on the sensory data that is now being input. Top-down processing is the process of interpreting incoming information in light of one's prior experiences, knowledge, and expectations.
Perceptions start with the most general and proceed toward the more detailed top-down processing. Our expectations and prior information have a significant impact on these views. Simply said, your brain uses what it already knows to fill in the gaps and predict what will happen next.
Top-down processing is the process by which we see the world around us and interpret incoming information by using what we already know Gregory, 1970.
Learn more about Shifting your Attention here:
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