Spreading seeds
germination
growth
reproduction
pollinating
seed
Answer:
A) Dendritic cells and macrophages, although they are also found in other cells that belong, or not, to the immune system.
B) The innate immune response
Explanation:
The immune system is equipped with specialized receptors for the detection of pathogens such as bacteria or viruses, which are called receptors that recognize patterns (PRRs). These proteins are a key element in the innate system and are expressed primarily in antigen presenting cells, such as <u>dendritic cells and macrophages, although they are also found in other cells that belong, or not, to the immune system.</u>
<u>
The innate immune response</u> begins with the recognition of highly conserved molecular structures and present in large groups of microorganisms called 'molecular patterns associated with pathogens' (PAMP). This recognition is done by the 'pattern recognition receptors' (RRP) of the host.
The best known bacterial PAMPs are:
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Peptidoglucan
Lipoteic Acids
Mananas (Mannose
)
Bacterial DNA
Double stranded RNA
Glucans
These PAMP are essential for the survival and pathogenicity of bacteria.
<span>Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) will not multiply unless it is brought in contact with a living cell and once it contacts the living cell it will not stop its multiplication.</span>
Answer:
The correct answer is 1 x 10⁻⁵
Explanation:
In order to solve the problem, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbach equation to find the ratio alanine-COOH/alanine-COO⁻ (amino acid species with carboxylic acid protonated) and the ratio alanine-NH₂/alanine-NH₃⁺ (amino acid species with amino group neutral):
Henderson-Hasselbach equation:
<u>For carboxylic acid group (pKa= 3) at pH 7</u>:
We need the ratio of species with <u>protonated</u> carboxylic acid group, so we need the inverse:
<u>For amino group (pKa= 8) at pH 7</u>:
Finally, to find the ratio of neutral species we multiply the ratios:
X = 10⁻⁴ x 10⁻¹= 10⁻⁵
<span>A theory is replaced rather than revised when the fundamental assertions or ideas behind the theory are proved to be incorrect. When a theory is replaced it is called superceded or obsolete (but only if it was once accepted by the scientific community at large - fringe theories remain fringe theories). One example is Lamarckism in evolutionary theory which was succeeded by Mendel’s ideas of genetics and Darwin’s theory of evolution.</span>