Answer:
Definitely formal English as formal English is used in formal settings. Both the examples you gave are formal settings.
Why were people of the Chinese ethnicity paid less than those of American descent or ethnicity?
Answer:
Adjective phrase
Explanation:
Required
What type of phrase is "from America"
Usually an adjective phrase are used to modify the subject; in other words, it acts as an adjective in the phrase.
First, we identify the subject of the sentence.
The subject is "An author"
The phrase "from America" modifies the above subject because it talks about where the author comes from (which is America).
Hence, the phrase is an Adjective phrase.