It is likely that the Ghana Empire suffered from natural disasters such as forest fires. This is because the area has many characteristics that could increase the chances of this happening. For example, the region is semi-arid, which means that it receives very little rainfall. This makes the vegetation dry and brittle, and more likely to burn. Moreover, it is easier for a fire to spread if there is not rain to put it out. Finally, the fact that the region is very hot makes a fire more likely to start.
The effect of foreshadowing in Shakespeare's Macbeth creates a sense of tension and a slight sense of dramatic irony as many characters in the play are oblivious to their fate whereas the audience may know what is going to happen.
