Answer:
1. Barney hauled the old sofa to the basement.
2. The wild sea tossed and lifted the boat.
3. David has never understood the way an engine works.
4. Rey had suddenly hung up the phone.
Explanation:
When changing sentences from one voice to the other, we should be careful not to change the verb tenses. In this case, sentences 1 and 2 are in the Simple Past, sentence 3 is in the Present Perfect, and 4 is in the Past Perfect.
In the active voice, the structure of a sentence is direct and simple: subject + verb + object. The subject, in this voice, is the one performing the action.
In the Passive Voice, the subject of the sentence is not the one performing the action. This voice emphasizes the action itself, not the person or animal etc. doing it. The structure is: subject + auxiliary verb (if necessary) + verb be + main verb in the past participle + agent (if necessary).
Let's compare:
Active: John cut the tree.
Passive: The tree was cut by John.
