The term Francophone is used to describe French speaking. For instance, the countries colonized in Africa by the French during the colonial area were referred to as Francophone Africa.
Samuel de Champlain
Known as the Father of Canada or the Father of New France, Samuel de Champlain was a major contributor to the development of a French presence in North America. He was born in the village of Brouage on the Bay of Biscay and received his maritime education from his father, a ship’s captain. Little else is known about his early years.
Champlain served briefly in the French army before joining his uncle on a series of trading voyages to Panama, Mexico and the West Indies. His written account of his adventures included early speculation about the feasibility of constructing a canal through Central America. King Henry IV was impressed by young Champlain and provided him with a small pension.
In 1603, Champlain accompanied Francis Gravé, Sieur du Pont on a voyage to the Rivière de Canada (St. Lawrence River). The purpose of this venture was to develop the fur trade, but Champlain spent much of his time exploring his surroundings. He pushed up the St. Lawrence as far as the rapids near what would become Montréal, an area visited nearly 70 years earlier by Jacques Cartier. Champlain viewed Niagara Fallsand held to the belief that westward exploration would yield an opening to Asia.
A second voyage began in 1604 and resulted in a small settlement on an island in the St. Croix River (at the present-day boundary between New Brunswick and Maine). Champlain and his party spent a miserable winter there before relocating to Port Royal in the spring. Nearly two years were spent in exploring coastal lands to the south; it appears that Champlain probably ventured as far as Cape Cod. Lack of support from home led to widespread discouragement among the settlers; many accompanied Champlain back to France.
In 1608, Champlain returned to North America with the Sieur de Monts, but on this voyage they hoped to find more hospitable conditions than those encountered on Acadia. A small settlement was established at what would become Québec. The anticipated fur trade with the local natives was slow to develop and the first winter was harsh beyond all expectations; only eight of 24 settlers survived. Champlain eventually managed to forge tight bonds with the neighboring Algonquin and Huron. In 1609, he participated with them in a raid against their traditional enemy, the Iroquois. Using firearms, a frightening novelty to the Iroquois, Champlain succeeded in killing two opposing chiefs and making lasting allies of the Algonquin and Huron. On this foray, Champlain may have been the first European to see Lake Champlain, which he named for himself. He then returned to France for supplies and reinforcements.
Champlain returned to New France briefly in 1610. He was wounded while fighting the Iroquois and went back to France for treatment. In later years, he traveled across the Atlantic on a number of occasions in his efforts to keep the struggling colony alive. Pressing European affairs often diverted the attention of French officials and Champlain was forced to make his case for the colony repeatedly.
Warfare erupted between England and France in 1626. North America became one of the theaters of operations and was characterized by successful English forays against a number of settlements in New France. By 1628, the English had succeeded in cutting off Québec from outside contact. Champlain and the beleaguered settlers held out for a year, but were forced to surrender when provisions ran out. Champlain was taken into custody and briefly detained in England. Peace was achieved in 1632 and Québec was returned to French hands. Champlain returned to New France the following year, was warmly greeted and spent his remaining days strengthening the colony.
More than any other factor, Champlain’s determination was responsible for the success of New France. He initiated a solid relationship with native tribes, particularly the Huron, and was a witness to the growing rivalry in North America between France and England.
Francis Parkman : France and England in North America :Pioneers of France in the New World, The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century, La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West, The Old Regime in Canada by Francis Parkman.
This is the first of two volumes presenting all seven parts of Francis Parkman's monumental narrative history of the struggle for control of the Ameri...
The Dominion of War: Empire and Liberty in North America, 1500-2000 by Fred Anderson.
Americans often think of their nation’s history as a movement toward ever-greater democracy, equality, and freedom. Wars in this story are understood ...
Champlain's Dream by David Hackett Fischer.
In this sweeping, enthralling biography, acclaimed historian David Hackett Fischer brings to life the remarkable Samuel de Champlain
The Byzantine Empire's economy has always been regarded among the most strongest in the Mediterranean for several centuries. Their solid presence in Constantinople gave them a significant advantage as it was the center of a trading network that ran all throughout Eurasia into North Africa. With trading as their stong suit and a State that tightly controlled both internal and foreign transaction, they were set up for success. The one factor that set them apart has to be <u>their inmplementation of coinage</u>, which consolidated a monopoly around the Byzantine empire.
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Americans are eating more calories today than they did 40 years ago because
B. <span>portion sizes and calories counts have increased.
Hope its right :)</span>
Answer:
In my opinion, agriculture is one of the worst mistakes of the human race along with hunting, cutting down trees, and the great livestock trade that exists today.
Agriculture became an error because at some point the world's agricultural production was excessive to be able to solve the amount of world hunger, although this uncontrolled excess led to the extinction of species, destruction of land, and even entire natural climaxes. .
That is why I consider that agriculture should have a 180 degree turn and see that methods would be few harmful to nature and providing basic needs to the population.
On the other hand, there are many pesticides, insecticides or genetic mutations of some foods that cause the quality of agriculture to have completely declined and that trigger different types of grave pathologies in the Huamanian population.
Explanation:
CGIAR (i) global agricultural research promotes cutting-edge scientific knowledge to reduce rural poverty, increase food security, improve human health and nutrition, and ensure sustainable management of natural resources.
