Genetic variation is an important force in evolution as it allows natural selection to increase or decrease frequency of alleles already in the population. ... Genetic variation is advantageous to a population because it enables some individuals to adapt to the environment while maintaining the survival of the population.
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The structure of the eukaryotic cell is as follows: It is seperates into many different "compartments" or what we call organelles. Each organelle carries out a different function. The different organelles include: mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, vesicles, peroxisomes, etc.
The structure is enforced by intertwining fibers known as microtubules and microfilaments. The membrane is composed of millions of phospholipids that are amphiphilic (comprised of a hyprophilic phosphate head as well as a hydrophobic fatty tail) that seperate the cells internal environment with the outside space. Spread throughout and across the membrane are thousands of different proteins that allow certain molecules to pass in and out of the cell as well as to bind different ligands to stimulate cellular responses.
Mitosis and meiosis are both stimulated by different factors. Meiosis by fertilization of an egg cell from a sperm cell while mitosis can be signaled by a variety of hormones, protein concentration within the cell, size, etc. Regardless, each process requires the chromosomes in the nucleus to disperse into their loose forms which allows the genes to be copied by a variety of enzymes and ensure that every cell division will yield two genetically identical cells. After the newly copied chromosomes are formed, they condense once again and a large array of microtubules (as mentioned earlier) help bind to these chromosomes and pull them in opposite directions towards the poles of the single cell preparing to divide into two daughter cells. Eventually, the formation of two completely new cells occurs (known as cytokinesis) and the process is complete.
