Reason for so much controversy and debate is why Constantine chose to adopt Christianity for the Roman Empire. Christian scholars will naturally argue it was a true conversion and religious experience and tout it as evidence of the divine power of God.
A is the correct answer because although the other answers are true, the most relevant to the Middle Ages would be A. B would be the answer however crusades were not against Arabs specifically, rather Muslims and Judaism because they wanted the holy land for themselves.
C. The massacre of thousands of Armenians by the German Army.
:)
The answer is C. Bartolomeu Dias