The Renaissance era in Western Europe was a period noted for artistry.
During that time art was growing, that was also the time period that Da Vinci was in.
I hope this helped a bit! Good luck!
The idea of Pan-Africanism contributed to African Independence due to the fact that it was based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress which is why By 1980 Africa was independent. It also unified Africa to be independent. Explanation:

The formula is above, so if you plug it in it should be 34 squared times 27.
24 squared is 1156. Multiply 1156 by 27 and you have 31212. If you have to solve it with 3.14, just multiply that by 3.14 (Would take too long for me).