Answer:C. Incumbents provide accurate information, but they may have an incentive to exaggerate what they do to appear more valuable to the organization.
Explanation:The Information from external observers are very vital to Organisational success,observers are external partners to the business or organisation,it should be used to supplement what information is gotten from the incumbents because sometimes incumbents may have an incentive to exaggerate what they do to appear more valuable to the organization,which will send wrong signals and affect the business harshly or adversely.
Answer:
The “sphere” in lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere means envelop. The atmosphere, therefore, consists of gases that envelop the Earth. The hydrosphere defines the water that covers 71% of the Earth's surface. The lithosphere refers to the rocks of the Earth's surface and upper mantle, or the depth of the plates.
Explanation:
The answer for this qeustion is: Thinking in time
By using scenarios, we can formulate several outcomes that could possibly happen if we decided to follow a certain plan.
If we do this, we could prepare our actions on how to deal with those outcomes before it actually happens in real life.
Answer:
D. Both (B) and (C) are true
Explanation:
Cash payback approach is helpful to know the number of years, project would take to recover the initial investment. It could be calculated by dividing initial investment by cash flow per year. It is very simple and easy approach to compare projects and find number of years to recover the initial investment. The most serious weekness of cash payback approach is, it ignore the time value for the money, it also ignore project profitablity and project`s return on investment. As according to cash payback approach, it consider projects with short payback time as profitable and thus ignore useful life of alternative projects.
Answer:
MPC = 0.4
Explanation:
Multiplier shows change in income due to change (increase) in investment, or change (decrease) in tax. It is calculated by Marginal Propensity to Consume, as follows -
Multiplier ie k = Δ Income / Δ (govt investment or tax) = 1 / (1 - MPC)
Given : ΔG ie tax fall = 60 ; Targeted income rise = Full employment - actual output = 2000 - 1900 = 100
k = ΔY / ΔG = 100 / 60 = 1.67
k = 1 / (1 - MPC) → 1 - MPC = 1 / k → 1 - MPC = 1 / 1.67 → 1 - MPC = 0.6
MPC = 1 - 0.6 → MPC = 0.4