Answer:
Endocrine system and Nervous system
Explanation:
Endocrine system and nervous system together work to regulate the behaviour of individuals. In general, sex hormones testosterone and estrogen are responsible for gender specific behavioral differences among males and females. The hormones of adrenal gland determine the behaviour of person under stress conditions. Adrenal gland secretes hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones target the sympathetic and parasympathetic division of autonomous nervous system to regulate behaviour of person.
Answer:
One way in which complement activation destroys pathogens is by C3b binding to the surface of microbes, which then causes inflammation through histamine and heparin release.
Explanation:
C3b binds to the surface of microbes (opsonin), and functions as a component of C3 and C5 convertases while C3a stimulates inflammation.
The alternative pathway of complement activation is triggered by the deposition of C3b on the surface of a microbe. The microbe- bound C3b binds another protein called Factor B, which is then broken down by a plasma protease called Factor D to generate the Bb fragment.
This fragment remains attached to C3b, and the C3bBb complex functions as an enzyme, called C3 convertase, to break down more C3. The C3 convertase is stabilized by properdin, a positive regulator of the complement system.
As a result of this enzymatic activity, many more C3b and C3bBb molecules are produced and become attached to the microbe. Some of the C3bBb molecules bind an additional C3b molecule, and the resulting C3bBb3b complexes function as C5 convertases, to break down the complement protein C5 and initiate the late steps of complement activation.
The main effectors of the complement system are opsonization, cell lysis and inflammation. It also stimulates B cell responses and antibody production.
Answer:
Some common insulators include wood, plastic, glass, porcelain and Styrofoam
Explanation:
Answer:
A) species diversity tends to increase as a result of ecological succession.
Explanation:
Specialized tissue on the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the _______ and the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) toward the ventricles.atrium (pl. atria)One of two upper chambers of the heart.capillary<span>Smallest blood vessel. Materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin walls. They have walls that are only one endothelial cell in thickness. This delicate, microscopic vessel carries nutrient-rich, oxygenated blood from the arteries and arterioles to the body cells. There, the nutrients are burned in the presence of oxygen (catabolism) to release energy.
At the same time, waste products such as carbon dioxide and water pass out of the cells and into these blood vessels. Waste-filled blood then flows back to the heart in small venues, which combine to form larger vessels called veins.</span>carbon dioxideGas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation.coronary arteriesBlood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.deoxygenated bloodBlood that is oxygen-poor.diastole<span>Relaxation phase of the heartbeat.</span>
