2. European nations established colonies in the Americas, India, South Africa, and the East Indies and gained territory along the coasts of Africa and China.

3. There are five cause of new imperialism. It is economic, exploratory, ethnocentric, political and religious motives.

4. Social Darwinism is the theory that individuals, groups and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.

5. The idea of White Man's Burden argued that the poem served as justification for imperialist practices. The author is suggesting that imperialism is a very good endeavor the United States should have. Author Rudyard Kipling says, "take up the White Man's Burden" and "To serve your captives' need." Those quotes show that Kipling thinks the United States should help Philippines by serving their need. "He also tells the white man to be done with childish days, meaning that the United States must civilize the Philippines.

7. Indian is recognized as the Jewel of the English Crown because India had all sorts of goods that the British wanted. These included things like spices, textiles, cotton and the opium that the British would sell in China to be able to buy tea. Because India had so many people and so much wealth, it was the "Jewel in the crown" of the British empire.

8. British Hong Kong was a colony and British Dependent Territory of the United kingdom from Britain eventually agreed to transfer the entire colony to China upon the Chinese government's determination to recover Hong Kong, it was necessary.

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