The countries in the Middle East that export petroleum are Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and I think there are a few more but those are the main ones. Lots of Middle Eastern countries export it but these are the main ones. Places like Saudi Arabia and Iran have lots of oil fields available, so they would naturally export lots of petroleum.
The earliest of civilizations were based around river valleys. This allowed them to irrigate fresh water to their crops allowing for better farming and therefore, bigger and better civilizations.
