Answer: C. Industrialization created factory jobs in urban areas while eliminating agricultural jobs in rural areas.
Explanation:
In the late 19th century, industrialization was in full swing and technology was being created that made farming more efficient. This led to a loss of jobs for people in the rural areas who depended mostly on farming.
These people then had to move to urban areas where industrialization had led to the construction of factories that required more labor. This significantly increased rural to urban migration.
The disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of the wave motion (propagation direction).
Best visualized on a rope whose one end you start agitating. This gives rise to waves running (propagating) forward, away from that end. While that is happening, if you look at the individual points on the rope you will see that they are not moving in the forward direction but rather they oscillate up and down (disturbances). The up-down direction is perpendicular to the direction of the forward wave propagation.
Answer: Flinching at a butterfly because you were once attacked by butterflies.
Explanation: This is the only option that is a response to a normally neutral stimulus.