Snowshoe hare is the primary food of the lynx. The population cycles of these two species are closely linked.
When hares are plentiful, lynx eat little else and take about two hares every three days.
Lynx prey upon mice, voles, squirrels, grouse, ptarmigan and carrion when hares are scarce. These food sources often do not meet the lynx's nutritional needs. Some lynx cannot maintain their body fat reserves on this type of diet and become more vulnerable to starvation or predation. Other lynx manage to remain healthy by using alternative prey and food sources when the hare population is low. When snowshoe hares are scarce, many lynx leave their home range in search of food.
Hare populations across most of the boreal forest experience dramatic fluctuations in a cycle that lasts 8-11 years. At the peak of the cycle, snowshoe hares can reach a density of up to 1500 animals per km2. The habitat cannot support this many animals. As predation increases and starvation sets in, the population starts to decline. Continued predation due to high populations of lynx and other predators increases the hare population decline.
When the hare population reaches a low level, it stabilizes, for several years. The food plants slowly recover and the hare population starts to increase again. Since hares have several litters each year, the hare population increases rapidly. After a year or two at high densities, the hare cycle repeats itself.
The lynx population decline follows the snowshoe hare population crash after a lag of one to two years. As hare numbers start to decline, lynx continue to eat well because they can easily catch the starving hares.
When hares become scarce, lynx numbers also decline. Their lack of fat reserves makes them less able to live through starvation and cold temperatures. Food shortages also cause behavioural changes such as increased roaming and loss of caution. This increases their vulnerability to predation.
Malnourishment has the most significant effect upon lynx reproduction and population levels. When females are in poor condition, fewer breed and not all of those bred produce litters. Litters are smaller, and most, if not all, of the few kittens born die soon after birth. This means that for a period of three to five years, few or no kittens survive to adulthood. Studies have shown the level of kittens in a lynx population may be zero at the population low and as high as 60 percent when t numbers increase. Low lynx population levels last for three or four years. When hares become plentiful again, the lynx population begins to increase as well.
The highs and lows of the lynx population cycle do not occur at the same time across the NWT. For example, in the early 1990s, lynx numbers peaked two years later in northwestern NWT than in the southwestern NWT.
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Metamorphic rocks, formed by temperature and pressure changes inside the Earth. All three types of rock make up the Earth's lithosphere, the outermost layer. Metamorphic rocks result when existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure, or reactive fluids, such as hot, mineral-laden water.
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Rivers of the Coastal Plain were a major means of commercial transportation during the 1700s and early 1800s. Cities founded along the fall line, called “fall line cities,” are located at the places where these rivers crossed the fall line, marking the upstream limit of travel. The city of Columbus, for example, was established where the Chattahoochee River crosses the fall line; Macon, Milledgeville, and Augusta are similarly located at the crossings of the Ocmulgee, Oconee, and Savannah rivers, respectively. These cities became important transportation hubs because traders could only travel upstream until they reached the waterfalls of the fall line. At that point they were forced to disembark and reload their cargo on the other side of the falls in order to continue their journeys. Columbus served as the upstream head of navigation for the Chattahoochee, as did Augusta for the Savannah River and Macon for the Ocmulgee River. After the first steamship arrived in 1828, Columbus became a gateway city for cotton. Above the fall line, flatboats and barges moved goods around the state. Below the fall line, steamships had unimpeded access to move goods, mostly cotton, into the Gulf of Mexico.
This attractive force is known as an electrostatic force. If objects both have the same charge, they repel (or push away from) each other. ... If no other forces are involved, moving objects on Earth slow down because of friction. The cause of friction is the rubbing together of two surfaces.
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