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21. Choose one of the hypotheses from Question 20. Describe how you could set up an experiment to test the hypothesis by listing

kogti [31]

Answer:

Biologists and other scientists use the scientific method to ask questions about the natural world. The scientific method begins with an observation, which leads the scientist to ask a question. She or he then comes up with a hypothesis, a testable explanation that addresses the question.

A hypothesis isn't necessarily right. Instead, it's a "best guess," and the scientist must test it to see if it's actually correct. Scientists test hypotheses by making predictions: if hypothesis \text XXstart text, X, end text is right, then \text YYstart text, Y, end text should be true. Then, they do experiments or make observations to see if the predictions are correct. If they are, the hypothesis is supported. If they aren't, it may be time for a new hypothesis.

How are hypotheses tested?

When possible, scientists test their hypotheses using controlled experiments. A controlled experiment is a scientific test done under controlled conditions, meaning that just one (or a few) factors are changed at a time, while all others are kept constant. We'll look closely at controlled experiments in the next section.

In some cases, there is no good way to test a hypothesis using a controlled experiment (for practical or ethical reasons). In that case, a scientist may test a hypothesis by making predictions about patterns that should be seen in nature if the hypothesis is correct. Then, she or he can collect data to see if the pattern is actually there.

Controlled experiments

What are the key ingredients of a controlled experiment? To illustrate, let's consider a simple (even silly) example.

Suppose I decide to grow bean sprouts in my kitchen, near the window. I put bean seeds in a pot with soil, set them on the windowsill, and wait for them to sprout. However, after several weeks, I have no sprouts. Why not? Well...it turns out I forgot to water the seeds. So, I hypothesize that they didn't sprout due to lack of water.

To test my hypothesis, I do a controlled experiment. In this experiment, I set up two identical pots. Both contain ten bean seeds planted in the same type of soil, and both are placed in the same window. In fact, there is only one thing that I do differently to the two pots:

One pot of seeds gets watered every afternoon.

The other pot of seeds doesn't get any water at all.

After a week, nine out of ten seeds in the watered pot have sprouted, while none of the seeds in the dry pot have sprouted. It looks like the "seeds need water" hypothesis is probably correct!

Let's see how this simple example illustrates the parts of a controlled experiment.

Explanation:

5 0

3 years ago

. What happens to the enzyme activity when the body' emperature is 5 oC off its set-point?

EleoNora [17]

Answer:

At low temperatures enzyme activity is low because the enzyme and substrate molecules have less kinetic energy so there are fewer collisions between them.

Explanation:

5 0

3 years ago

Scientists used cells called fibroblasts to study factors that cause nondividing cells in the G0 stage of the cell cycle to reen

dalvyx [7]

Answer:

a)

Based on the data for the group of cells, among the four proteins, protein p16 does not appear to play a role in blocking cell cycle entry by fibroblasts. The evidence for this is in group 7, where, in the absence of the other proteins the p16 presence has helped the replication of DNA almost as good as the growth in the 10% serum.

In the other groups (3 to 6) the presence of any other protein has always inhibited the DNA replication compared to the fibroblast in 10% serum.

b)

Groups 4 to 7 have higher chance of including cells undergoing mitosis as they are showing more DNA replication compared to the group 1 which has 0% serum. In this group since it has been cultured for 48 hours in the absence of serum (serum-starvation), they stop dividing and enter the G0 stage of the cell cycle.

c)

The data here would provide the crucial information on which protein is required to induce the cells to enter the cell cycle. To recover from an injury the cells should divide and repair the wound, this will happen through stimulating the cell with the required protein. It would also shed light on which protein would inhibit the cells from entry into the cell cycle.

Note: Figure is added in the attachment section

3 0

4 years ago

Meaning of anabolic reaction

kati45 [8]

Answer:

Anabolism collectively refers to all the processes of chemical reactions that build larger molecules out of smaller molecules or atoms; these processes are also known as anabolic processes or anabolic pathways. Anabolic pathways use energy, while catabolic pathways release energy.

READ MY BIO :)

7 0

3 years ago

PLEASE HELP!!!! :(

jekas [21]

Answer:

cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organisms

6 0

3 years ago

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