They have a characteristic U shape, with steep, straight sides and a flat or rounded bottom (by contrast, valleys carved by rivers tend to be V-shaped in cross-section). Glaciated valleys are formed when a glacier travels across and down a slope, carving the valley by the action of scouring.
Answer:
Because London is a big place, and you need to be rich to live in certain districts. Plus you could be talking to someone who lives not that far away, so maybe you will have something in common with that Londoner. If in reply to their question you answer Knightsbridge, South Kensington, Chelsea, Belgravia, Mayfair, St. John's Wood, Primrose Hill, St. James, Holland Park, Regents Park, or Notting Hill; you are telling people you are rich. You need to be rich to live in districts like those, just like the New Yorker who lives in Upper East Side. If your answer to their question is Tottenham, Wood Green, East Ham, Stratford, Dagenham, Barking, Canning Town, Hounslow, or Woolwich; you are telling people you are poor. Very few rich New Yorkers opt to live in the South Bronx. Likewise people will take it to mean you are a regular everyday person struggling to make ends meet, if you live in one of London's poorest districts.
Similarly if you answer Barnes, Kew, Camden Town, Clapham, Hampstead, Highgate, Bayswater, Hammersmith, or Swiss Cottage you are likely to be in a very good job if not a millionaire. If you own a house in any of those districts you are going to be worth close to or more than £1m once the mortgage has been paid off.
There are numerous factors. It mostly relies on rough winds coming from all sides and clashing over Japan, mixed with the humid area and heavily clouds that come from the pacific ocean, and also both air and water currents. Everything about Japan's geographic position is great for Monsoons, Typhoons, Earthquakes, and numerous other disasters.
State-run? i'm not quite sure.....
The instrument is called a seismograph.