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ozzi
3 years ago
13

Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class. In the study, the researcher m

ade the claim that most middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem. Clarissa questions the study, saying, “I am not sure that I am convinced. I am not sure you can really measure being bullied.” Quinn also questions the study, saying, “Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students.” Manish also is curious about the study, asking, “I wonder how strong the relationship is between bullying and self-esteem. Could you predict one from the other?” Clarissa’s concern is addressing which of the following? a. the study’s construct validity b. the study’s internal validity c. the study’s statistical validity d. the study’s external validity
Social Studies
1 answer:
zubka84 [21]3 years ago
5 0

the answer should be: The study's construct validity

A study's construct validity refers to the degree to which the experiments made in the study actually measures what it intended to measure. This can be seen on the study's standard of measurement and the correlation between variables used in the measurement and the actual phenomenon.

After hearing the claimed made by the teacher, Clarissa's immediately question whether the act of bullying can be measured.

She brought up an important point. The teacher never really specify what act considered as 'bullying'. Depending on people's perception, some consider a slight discomfort from social interaction might be considered as bullying, while other people might have the threshold.  Because of this, she can say that the study's construct validity is questionable.

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Explanation:

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Answer:

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Explanation:

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Develop a testbench for the Half Adder that verifies the structural model. The testbench will have no ports. Your testbench shou
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Answer and Explanation:

--        Here we define the AND gate that we need for

-- the Half Adder

library ieee;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

entity andGate is        

  port( A, B : in std_logic;

           F : out std_logic);

end andGate;

architecture func of andGate is

begin

  F <= A and B;

end func;

--        Here we define the XOR gate that we need for

-- the Half Adder

library ieee;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

entity xorGate is

  port( A, B : in std_logic;

           F : out std_logic);

end xorGate;

architecture func of xorGate is

begin

  F <= A xor B;

end func;

-- At this point we construct the half adder using

-- the AND and XOR gates

library ieee;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

entity halfAdder is

  port( A, B : in std_logic;

   sum, Cout : out std_logic);

end halfAdder;

architecture halfAdder of halfAdder is

component andGate is -- import AND Gate

     port( A, B : in std_logic;

              F : out std_logic);

  end component;

component xorGate is -- import XOR Gate

    port( A, B : in std_logic;

             F : out std_logic);

  end component;

begin

G1 : xorGate port map(A, B, sum);

G2 : andGate port map(A, B, Cout);

end halfAdder;

---------------------------------------------------------END

---------------------------------------------------------END

Test Bench:

--import std_logic from the IEEE library

library ieee;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

entity halfAdder_tb is

end halfAdder_tb;

architecture tb of halfAdder_tb is

component halfAdder is

    port( A, B : in std_logic;

      sum, Cout : out std_logic);

  end component;

signal A, B, sum, Cout: std_logic;

begin

  mapping: halfAdder port map(A, B, sum, Cout);

  process

  variable errCnt : integer := 0;

  begin

--TEST 1

  A <= '0';

    B <= '1';

    wait for 10 ns;

    assert(sum = '1') report "sum error 1" severity error;

    assert(Cout = '0') report "Cout error 1" severity error;

    if(sum /= '1' or Cout /= '0') then

       errCnt := errCnt + 1;

    end if;

--TEST 2

  A <= '1';

    B <= '1';

    wait for 10 ns;

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    assert(Cout = '1') report "Cout error 2" severity error;

    if(sum /= '0' or Cout /= '1') then

       errCnt := errCnt + 1;

    end if;

--TEST 3

  A <= '1';

    B <= '0';

    wait for 10 ns;

    assert(sum = '1') report "sum error 3" severity error;

    assert(Cout = '0') report "Cout error 3" severity error;

    if(sum /= '1' or Cout /= '0') then

        errCnt := errCnt + 1;

    end if;

---- SUMMARY ----

    if(errCnt = 0) then

      assert false report "Success!" severity note;

    else

       assert false report "Faillure!" severity note;

    end if;

end process;

end tb;

-------------------------------------------------------------

configuration cfg_tb of halfAdder_tb is

  for tb

  end for;

end cfg_tb;

----------------------------------------------------------END

----------------------------------------------------------END

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