Answer:
The answer is "Genomic instability".
Explanation:
The greater mutation rate in the downstream cell genome leads to the genome's heterogeneity, which becomes genetic heterogeneity or molecular disturbance. These changes can include alterations to the nuclear acid chain, genetic rearrangement or aneuploidy.
It's also known as hereditary cancers, that sometimes defined by genetic variations in genes like BRCA1, BRCA2, MSH2, MYH, they lead to genomic disruption in the maintenance genes.
Answer:
Okay
Explanation:
Human topoisomerase I plays an important role in removing positive DNA supercoils that accumulate ahead of replication forks. It also is the target for camptothecin-based anticancer drugs that act by increasing levels of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA scission. Evidence suggests that cleavage events most likely to generate permanent genomic damage are those that occur ahead of DNA tracking systems. Therefore, it is important to characterize the ability of topoisomerase I to cleave positively supercoiled DNA. Results confirm that the human enzyme maintains higher levels of cleavage with positively as opposed to negatively supercoiled substrates in the absence or presence of anticancer drugs. Enhanced drug efficacy on positively supercoiled DNA is due primarily to an increase in baseline levels of cleavage. Sites of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage do not appear to be affected by supercoil geometry. However, rates of ligation are slower with positively supercoiled substrates. Finally, intercalators enhance topoisomerase I-mediated cleavage of negatively supercoiled substrates but not positively supercoiled or linear DNA. We suggest that these compounds act by altering the perceived topological state of the double helix, making underwound DNA appear to be overwound to the enzyme, and propose that these compounds be referred to as ‘topological poisons of topoisomerase I’
Answer:
The vaccine produced by the US biotech firm, based in Massachusetts
Answer:
The correct answer is Empathy.
Explanation:
