In a direct democracy all citizens meet together and make decisions via a vote. In a representative democracy citizens elect leaders who make decisions on their behalf. A republic who is ruled by a official is a form of democracy.
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E<u>conomic and political farmers movements in the late 1800's</u>
The economic and political movements of farmers marks from in 1800's marks from 1865. After Civil war, in 1865 American farmers started to protest against their misfortunes, declining career and degrading economic and political status. This movement continued from 1867 to 1896 which can be classified under three periods: Grange; Alliance; Populist.
Oliver H Kelly, an agricultural official founded the secret Order of patron of Husbandry (Grange) in 1867 fight the economic decline and make progress in the social needs of the farm life. The alliance of farmers was created in 1880's through which the agricultural education, cooperative marketing were supported.
The members of Alliance lobbied government for banking regulations. Populist or People’s Party was joined to stand against the dominating Republic and Democratic parties in 1890's. The farmers’ movement remains significant in the history and marks to be the ‘menace of privilege’.
1.melody short phrases, large leaps
Towards the end of the past century composers as Steve Reich La Monte Young, Philip Glass, they began to explore what is now called minimalism, in which the music is stripped down to its most fundamental features; the music often features repetition and iteration. An early example is Terry Riley's In C from 1964, perhaps a random work in which short phrases are chosen by the musicians from a set list and played an arbitrary number of times, while the note C is repeated in quavers behind them. Philip Glass works are on the most representative perhaps also featuring as soundtracks of movies.
2, harmony mixed meter
This caused a very new sensation with an extreme irregular rhytm. While time signatures usually express a regular pattern of beat stresses continuing through a piece (sometimes a section), sometimes composers place a different time signature at the beginning of each bar, resulting in music with an extremely irregular rhythmic feel.
Examples;Promenade -- Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition (1874) The opening already shows signs of this implement
3· rhythm atonality
Atonality first began as a pejorative term to condemn music in which chords were organized seemingly with no apparent coherence. the term describes music that does not conform to the system of tonal hierarchies that were traditionally seen in classical European music between the 1700's and 1900'a centuries Example; ending Schoenberg's "George Lieder" Op. 15/1
4.dynamics extremes
some pieces started to use additional markings of further emphasis. Extreme dynamic markings introduced an extreme range of loudness, or, and sometimes accompanied with very small differences of loudness within a normal range, this huge change was made possible with the orchestration of the work, usually using many loud instruments like brass and percussion playing at once. It became more widespread in late 1900s.
