B is the answer to your question
The mnemonic for space notes in the treble clef is FACE (like the one on your head.) The bottommost space is F, the second one is A, and so on.
Reading the notes like so, we get A, then C, then E.
ACE would be your answer.
There aren't any statements shown but I think i can help with the second part, artists in different times and places are influenced by the different things around them and by what is happening during that time.
For an example of different places; an artist at a beach would be more likely to draw the beach than an artist in a forest and the same way reversed.
An example of different times; an artist in the 1700s would portray people wearing different clothes than an artist would portray today.