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Artyom0805 [142]
3 years ago
15

A microbiologist obtained two pure biological samples: one of a virus, and the other of a viroid. Unfortunately, the labels had

been lost. The microbiologist felt she could distinguish the two by analyzing for the presence or absence of a single molecule. What molecule would she search for and why?
Biology
1 answer:
USPshnik [31]3 years ago
5 0

The researcher could look for the presence of proteins, because viruses have a envelope (capsid) composed of proteins that involve their genetic material. The capsid may have a helical or icosahedral structure and is extremely regular. Viroids cannot synthesize any type of protein, so differentiation is possible.

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How do temperature and concentration of monounsaturated phospholipids change the rate at which molecules permeate the plasma mem
Nikitich [7]

Answer: At low temperatures the fluidity of the membrane decreases and it favors fluidity. The higher the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, the less tightly the phospholipids can bind and the more fluid (more permeable).

Explanation:

The plasma membrane is a lipid layer that delimits the entire cell, dividing the extracellular medium from the intracellular (the cytoplasm of a cell). They are composed of phospholipids, which are molecules composed of glycerol, a phosphate group and two lipid chains (such as fatty acids). Glycerol is a three-carbon molecule that functions as the backbone of this membrane. A geometry is formed that allows the phospholipids to line up side by side to form broad sheets. They are insoluble in water, but their unique geometry causes them to aggregate in layers without any energy input, as they possess a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic tail consisting of the two fatty acid chains. The hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids in a bilayer membrane face outward and are in contact with the aqueous fluid inside and outside the cell. Because water is a polar molecule, it readily forms electrostatic (charge-based) interactions with the phospholipid heads.

Selective permeability is a property of the plasma membrane and other semipermeable membranes that allow only certain particles to pass through them. In this way,<u> those particles that are needed by the cell can enter the cell and those that are not useful to the cell are prevented from entering</u>. In the same way, the cell can eliminate the particles it has produced as waste. In this way, the entry and exit of substances through the membrane is regulated and the correct functioning of the cell is achieved.

For a particle to be able to cross the plasma membrane it must have a size equal to or smaller than the pores of the membrane, it must have the opposite charge to the charge of the membrane or simply have a neutral charge, and if it is larger than the pores it must be dissolved in a solution, decreasing its size and thus be able to enter the cell through the membrane.  

Plasma membranes are fluid and this fluidity depends on their lipid composition and temperature. Depending on the temperature, membrane lipids can be found in two different states or phases: gel (solid-like, with more rigid hydrocarbon chains) and liquid crystal (more fluid, with more mobile hydrocarbon chains). At low temperatures the fluidity of the membrane decreases and in these conditions the increase of its concentration favors fluidity. The temperature at which the transition from one state to the other occurs is the phase transition temperature (Tc). At values below Tc, the bilayer is in the gel state and at higher values it passes to the liquid crystal. It should be noted that there is an equilibrium between the gel state and the liquid crystal state and that the characteristics of the lipids of the bilayer condition the transition temperature. In the case of bilayers consisting of only one type of lipid, the Tc is well defined. But biological membranes are complex lipid mixtures and the transition from one state to another occurs over a range of temperatures. The presence of short-chain or unsaturated fatty acids reduces the transition temperature, while saturated fatty acids and the increase in the length of the hydrocarbon chains cause this temperature to rise. <u>Then, phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acid tails cannot bind as tightly due to the bent structure of their tails. For this reason, a membrane of unsaturated phospholipids remains fluid at lower temperatures than a membrane of saturated phospholipids</u>.  

The fluidity of a membrane is the ability of a molecule to move through it.<u> In short, the higher the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, the less tightly the phospholipids can bind and the more fluid (more permeable) the membrane will be even at low temperatures</u>. However, <u>at low temperatures the fluidity of the membrane decreases (lower permeability) but the effect will depend on the composition of the fatty acids</u>. To determine the exact permeability, it is necessary to relate the concentration of unsaturated bonds and the length of the fatty acids in the phospholipids and the temperature.

8 0
3 years ago
Distinguish cloning from budding.
Reptile [31]

Answer:

Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site. ... Since the reproduction is asexual, the newly created organism is a clone and excepting mutations is genetically identical to the parent organism.

7 0
3 years ago
Can someone plz help me with this asap.
hjlf
The answer to your question is D
3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The skeleton is _______________________.
Sati [7]

Answer:

a b c d

Explanation:

8 0
2 years ago
How can a water strider (aquatic insect) walk across the surface of the water? *
nirvana33 [79]

D surface tension because, adhesion is sticking, b makes no sense for this question, and heat has nothing to do with it either, because it distributes it's weight throughout its legs so it doesn't sink (it doesn't weigh much so this works.)

Hope this helps don't forget to hit that heart :)

3 0
3 years ago
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