The first one the change from nation to empire through imperialism
Over population is caused many people moving there for business and not enough leaving and or space or job shortage it leads to crowding and shortages
The benevolent period of Salutary Neglect all changed after the French and Indian War (aka Seven Years War 1755-1763) Although the French and Indian War was a victory for the British they were left with a massive war debt. To pay the war debt the British ended their policy of Salutary Neglect in the colonies.
Thomas was murdered for his views, so the answer is true