Answer:
The statement is describing the usual difference in trade policy that exists between monarchies and republics.
Explanation:
The excerpt comes from the Spirit of the Laws, by Montesquieu, who was a French philosopher who promoted republicanism and liberalism.
In the text, Montesqueiu is explaining than in monarchies, trade is very restricted, and is usually only allowed for luxury goods like perfums, spices, or silk clothes, because these goods are used by the nobility as a symbol of their power and status.
In monarchies, for the rest of the population, trade is restricted. The common people therefore cannot access goods from abroad, or can only do so at a very high cost.
In republics, Montesquieu says, trade tends to be more open. Merchants become the ones who do most of the trade, guided by their economic ideas. The merchants therefore obtain many goods from abroad, that both the nobility and the commoner can acquire for a lower price.
In conclusion, Montesquieu is using the argument for trade as another reason to support republics over monarchies.
The answer is the second one
Bodies of water, specifically rivers.
Generally speaking, "assembly line jobs" did not represent an obstacle during this time, since this in fact increased productivity through the "specialization of labor".
The European Union acknowledged the ongoing financial crisis and pledged to rein in all the EU members as well as the member states' central banks to collaborate and assist all the companies that were facing difficulties with liquidity. The EU also called for the credibility of the financial system which would help to put this situation to a halt.
