Answer:
The nation and the nationalism.
The Democratic Republicans preferred a decentralized system, fearing that a strong Federal government would be akin to returning to a Monarchy.
They were opposed by the Federalists who wanted a strong Federal government to push the country forward as a unified force.
Most of the time in monarchies the rule is passed down through the bloodline, so my train of thought is feudalism.
Answer:
Germany was blamed for the war, Germany had to pay reparations to France and England, German disarment, and France got a bit of land from Germany.
Explanation: