the 2nd president of the us was John Adams
:brazil was a monarchy rather than a republic
The Republican Party, which fielded its first candidate in 1856, was opposed to the expansion of slavery. Abraham Lincoln, the party's nominee in 1860, was seen as a moderate on slavery, but Southerners feared that his election would lead to its demise, and vowed to leave the Union if he was elected.
The North favored the admission of California to the union. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free territory but also allowed for the Fugitive Slave, which allowed for the recapture of fugitive slaves anywhere in the United States.