1. The ancient civilization of the Indus Valley, one of the oldest in the world, developed in the area belonging both to present-day India and Pakistan. So , the Indus Valley civilization is also part of Pakistan´s ancient past.
2. Today´s Pakistan was also part of the empire of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE. This means it made part of the Hellenistic world for some centuries.
3. The arrival of Islam in ancient India is one the most pivotal events of Indian and Pakistani history. Muslim rulers spread their religion , many converted. Why was Pakistan born? It was meant to be a country for Muslims when the India´s partition took place in 1947, right away after independence. Today, Pakistan is a decisively Muslim country.
The connection between steel and the railroad system is the railroad system couldn't exist without steel. That's why things like the Bessemer process where invented because steel needed to be produced fast.
